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| Examples of blunt and sticky end enzymes |
2. BLUNT ENDS: fragment ends of DNA molecule that are fully based pairs.
3. Sticky ends are more useful. They can be easily joined to other sticky ends that have been cut by the same restriction enzyme.
4. RECOGNITION SITE: a specific sequence within double stranded DNA that restriction enzymes recognizes and cuts
5. GEL ELECTROPHORESIS: seperation of DNA fragments on the basis of sides by sorting through a gel meshwork.
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| The process of using plasmids during vector cloning |
6. PLASMIDS: small circular pieces of DNA that can exit and enter bacterial cells. They are uses as vectors because the plasmids lack a protein coat and are independant of the chromosome of the bacterial cell. Basically, it can be easily taken in and put back into a cell without messing up any of the cell's biological functions.
7. A use of VECTOR CLONING is that it can take a gene for something useful such as insulin, and isolate it into a vector and it can be expressed (cloned) by bacterial cells. In other words, this insulin gene is inserted into bacterial cells that express the gene and build the protein insulin.
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| A simplified process of PCR |
9. PCR can be seperated into three main parts ... 1. HEAT used to seperate DNA strands 2. COOL to attack primers 3. HEAT to extend primers using Taq polymerase
10. RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) can be used to find any difference in DNA sequence, non coding and coding that can be detected between individuals. This is useful in forensics to where a piece of DNA at the scene of the crime can be processed through the RFLP technique to see if it match's any suspets DNA.
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